New species discovered in Amazon

Nagoya – Spectacular species previously unknown to the outside world are being discovered in the Amazon rainforest at a rate of one every three days, environment group WWF said in a report published on Tuesday.

An anaconda as long as a limousine, a giant catfish that eats monkeys, a blue fanged spider and poisoned dart frogs are among the 1 220 animals and plants to have been newly found from 1999 to 2009, according to the report.

The report was released on the sidelines of a UN summit in Japan that is being held to try to save the world’s fast diminishing biodiversity, and the WWF said it highlighted why protecting the Amazon was so vital.

“This report clearly shows the incredible, amazing diversity of life in the Amazon,” Francisco Ruiz, head of WWF’s Living Amazon Initiative, told reporters at the launch.

“(But) this incredible region is under pressure because of the human presence. The landscape is being very quickly transformed.”

Unique region

Logging and clearing for agriculture uses such as cattle farming and palm oil plantations have led to 17% of the Amazon – an area twice the size of Spain – being destroyed over the past 50 years, according to the WWF.

The WWF compiled the findings reported by scientists over the 10-year period to highlight how much valuable biodiversity humans may be losing without even knowing as the Amazon is being cleared.

“It serves as a reminder of how much we still have to learn about this unique region, and what we could lose if we don’t change the way we think about development,” Ruiz said.

One of the most amazing discoveries was a 4m anaconda in the flood plains of Bolivia’s Pando province in 2002.

It was the first new anaconda species identified since 1936, and becomes only the fourth known type of that reptile, according to the WWF.

There were a total of 55 reptile species discovered, with others including two members of Elapidae – the most venomous snake family in the world that includes cobras and taipans.

A kaleidoscope of different coloured frogs were also found, including 24 of the famed poison dart variety and one that was translucent.

Extraordinary species

Among the 257 types of fish discovered in the rivers and lakes of the Amazon over was a “goliath” catfish. One of them found in Venezuela measured nearly 1.5m and weighed 32kg.

Although the “goliath” catfish normally exists on a diet of other fish, some of them have been caught with parts of monkeys in their stomachs, according to the WWF.

Another extraordinary species of catfish that was discovered in the Brazilian state of Rondonia was extremely small, blind and red. Villagers found the fish when they accidentally trapped them in buckets after hauling up water from a well.

At least 500 spiders were also discovered, including one that was completely brown except for a pair of almost fluorescent blue fangs.

Thirty-nine new mammals were also found, including a pink river dolphin, seven types of monkeys and two porcupines.

Among the 637 new plant species discovered were sunflowers, ivy, lilies, a variety of pineapple and a custard apple.

The Amazon is home to at least 40 000 plant species, and the WWF described the scale of diversity in some areas as “mind boggling”.

It said 1 000 plant species were documented in 1ha of lowland rainforest in Ecuador, while 3 000 were found in a 24ha region of the Colombian section of the Amazon.